英国名声显赫的《留声机》（Gramophone）杂志是史上第一本专业的唱片评论杂志，它于1923年由Compton Mackenzie创办，距今已有近百年的历史，它是上世纪唱片工业与录音技术演变全貌的见证人。
《留声机》杂志不仅是世界上历史最悠久的唱片评鉴杂志，同时也是同类杂志中最具权威性和公信力的一本。创办人 Mackenzie建立的主笔评论群相当专业，许多艺术家也应邀参与评论工作，不少著名艺术家都在《留声机》上发表过文章。上世纪六十年代，《留声机》杂 志的特邀主笔大约有四十位，到了二十一世纪，《留声机》杂志的特邀主笔多达百位以上————包括老中青三代的作曲家，器乐家，声乐家，唱片制作人，录音 师，音乐学者，资深乐迷等等各类型人士，他们中肯深入的评论深受读者的信赖和尊重。直到今天，《留声机》杂志仍然是英国乃至全世界最具权威的音乐杂志。
《留声机》杂志每一期都有推荐录音榜单；每年九月都会发布“留声机年度大奖”；在《留声机》杂志所有的大型活动中，于1998年【注1】推出的这一“历史上最伟大的一百款录音”（Gramophone 100）无疑是最为重量级的。
这一榜单是由《留声机》时任总编James Jolly评选出来的，固然是一家之词，但James Jolly并非完全出自个人好恶来评选，而是参考了七十五年来由包括Edward Greenfield、David Fanning、Ivan March、Alan Blyth、Jonathan Swain、Alan Sanders、Richard Osborne、Deryck Cooke、Trevor Harvey、Robert Layton在内的众多著名评论家的各种评论资料，再整合各种如商业因素，艺术价值，历史价值，影响深远程度等等综合因素后定出的，因此，这份榜单的价值相当高。
不过，我想应该没有哪一位古典音乐爱好者会对这一份榜单持完全赞同和认可的态度。首先同一作品的录音版本少则几十，多则 数百，评论家们要把这些可能一辈子都听不完的录音全部吃透并从中选出最优秀的一个版本客观上就是根本不可能的，遗珠的可能性非常大；再则需要综合考虑的因 素很多，导致评选时作品和演绎水准本身反而退居其次的情况发生的几率也相当大；最后，用区区一百款录音来总结唱片诞生至今的所有重大艺术成就是根本不够的 ————正因为James Jolly必须“集众家之长”以及“综合权衡”，这份榜单必然是十分保守和有缺陷的。
这种状况普遍存在于所有类似榜单中。至今为止，一共有十份录音【注2】在“留声机百大”“企鹅三星戴花推荐”，“日本名曲三百”这三份著名而且具权威性的榜单中都同时上榜，这些“三冠王”以及她们在“留声机百大（1998版）”中的排列序号分别是：
No.05 《费德里奥》克伦佩勒指挥爱乐管弦乐团
No.10 《贝多芬交响曲第五、七号》克莱伯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团
No.13 《贝多芬第九号“合唱”交响曲》富特文格勒指挥拜罗伊特节庆管弦乐团
No.23 《布鲁克纳第八号交响曲》卡拉扬指挥维也纳爱乐乐团
No.32 《戴留斯管弦乐作品》比彻姆指挥皇家爱乐管弦乐团
No.64 《托斯卡》萨巴塔指挥斯卡拉管弦乐团
No.71 《舒伯特艺术歌曲》迪斯考演唱
No.81 《玫瑰骑士》卡拉扬指挥爱乐管弦乐团
No.85 《柴可夫斯基第四，五，六号交响曲》穆拉文斯基指挥列宁格勒爱乐乐团
No.91 《尼伯龙根的指环》索尔第指挥维也纳爱乐乐团
按常理说，这十套唱片在“经过千锤百炼”后被东西方评论界一致认同的伟大录音，他们应该是没有任何争议性的，然而仔细观察这十套唱片仍然可以发现它们是典型的保守主义的产物。这也在情理之中————三份保守的榜单的交集必然也还是保守的————比如富特文格勒的最佳贝九就肯定不是拜罗伊特版；而索尔第的这套录音即使现在没有被批驳得一无是处，作为最佳版本的《尼伯龙根的指环》也是很缺乏说服力的，不过结合他们的历史，政治，文献等价值因素，这两个录音被一致推崇就显得合情合理了。客观地说，“保守”这一缺陷并无损于“留声机百大”榜单的整体价值。
对于一位初入门的爱乐者来说，榜单是一个水准相当高的良好指引：在榜单中有许多早已被传誉多年的名盘，尤其在浪漫乐派的作品中“留声机百大”所选出的都是十分优异的版本；对于一位资深爱乐者来说，“留声机百大”仍然具有极高的参考价值。因为任何一份榜单都不可能是绝对权威的，“留声机百大”的真正价值在于它为所有爱乐者树立起了一根有公信力的标尺，即使是一些有争议性的推荐版本，“留声机百大”也提供了一个非常有力的参照物，对爱乐者拓展视野，在茫茫唱片之海中寻求到自己真正喜爱的音乐，完成“建立起自己的榜单”这一终极目的有极大的帮助。事实上，这也正是Compton Mackenzie先生创办《留声机》杂志的唯一初衷————不是为任何事物盖棺定论，而是和公众分享自己的心得。
留声机百大古典唱片榜单
01 Bach: Goldberg Variations
Sony SM3K 87703
Gould
02 Bach: Cello Suites
EMI 5 62611 2
Pablo Casals
03 Bach: St Matthew Passion
ARCHIV 427 648-2
John Eliot Gardiner, The Monteverdi Choir, The English Baroque Soloists
04 Bartok: Concerto for Orchestra
RCA 09026 61504-2
Reiner , Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1955)
05 Bax: The Symphonies
CHAN 10122
Sir Arnold Bax,BBC Philharmonic/Vernon Handley
06 Beethoven: Fidelio
SBT2 1328
Otto Klemperer,Philharmonia Chorus & Orchestra
07 Beethoven: Piano Sonatas
EMI CHS 763765-2
Schnabel
08 Beethoven: Violin Concerto
DG 435744-2
Carlo Maria Giulini , Itzhak Perlman , Philharmonia Orchestra
09 Beethoven: Symphony No.3 ’+’Eroica’+’, Overtures: Leonore 2 & 3
EMI 7 63855 2
Klemperer, Philharmonia Orchestra
10 Beethoven: Symphony No.5 & 7
DG 447400-2
Kleiber , Wiener Philharmoniker
11 Beethoven: Symphony No.6 "Pastorale"
DG 447433-2
Bohm ,Wiener Philharmoniker
12 Beethoven: Symphony No.9 “Choral”
EMI CHS 769801-2
Furtwangler,Orchester der Bayeuther Festspiele
13 Beethoven: Complete String Quartets
Philips 454064-2
Quartetto Italiano
14 Beethoven:Missa Solemnis / Margiono Robbin Kendall Miles (Archiv)
Archiv 429 779-2
Charlotte Margiono/Catherine Robbin/William Kendall/Alastair Miles/The Monteverdi Choir
Orchestre Revolutionnaire et Romantique/John Eliot Gardiner
15 Berlioz: Les Troyens
LSO Live 0010
Sir Colin Davis, London Symphony Orchestra
16 Pierre Boulez: Répons / Dialogue de l’+’Ombre Double (20/21 series)
DG 457 605-2
Alain Damiens,Ensemble Intercontemporain,Pierre Boulez
17 Brahms: A German Requiem (Ein Deutsches Requiem)
EMI CDC 747238-2
Klemperer, Philharmonia Orchestra & Chorus
18 Brahms: Piano Concerto No.1 & 2
DG 419158-2
Gilels , Jochum , Berliner Philharmoniker (1972)
19 Brahms: Piano Concerto No.1
Decca 425082-2
Curzon, Szell , London Symphony Orchestra
20 Brahms: Symphony No.4
DG 400037-2
Kleiber ,Wiener Philharmoniker (1980)
21 Britten: Peter Grimes
Decca 467 682-2
Peter Pears/Claire Watson/Owen Brannigan/Lauris Elms/Jean Watson/Marion Studholme/Benjamin Britten
Iris Kells/Raymond Nilsson/Marcus Norman/Orchestra and Chorus of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden
John Lanigan/Geraint Evans/James Pease/David Kelly
22 Britten: War Requiem
Chandos Chan 8983/4
Hickox , London Symphony Orchestra
23 Bruckner: Symphony No.4 "Romantic"
Decca 425036-2
Bohm , Wiener Philharmoniker
24 Bruckner: Symphony No.8
RCA 74321 82866 2
Gunter Wand,Berliner Philharmoniker
25 Bruckner: Die 3 Messen
DG 447409-2
Jochum , Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra
26 Chopin: Piano concerto No.1
EMI CDM 764354-2
Pollini, Paul Kletzki , Philharmonia Orchestra of London
27 Chopin: Waltzes Nos. 1-14
EMI 5 66904 2
Lipatti ,Alceo Galliera, Otto Ackermann ,Philharmonia Orchestra of London , Tonhalle-Orchestre Zurich
28 Debussy: La Mer / Nocturnes / Prélude à l’+’après-midi d’+’un faune
Testament SBT 1011
Cantelli , Philharmonia Orchestra
29 Ravel: Bolero/Daphnis Et Chloé/Debussy:La Mer/Prelude a l’+’apres-Midi D’+’un Faune
DG 427 250-2
Karlheinz Zoeller, Berlin Philharmoniker ,Herbert von Karajan
30 Debussy: Orchestral Music
Philips 438742-2
Haitink,Beinum ,Concertgebouw Orchestra Amsterdam
31 Debussy: Pelleas & Melisand
EMI CHS 761038
Joachim ,Jansen,Roger Desormiere ,Chorus & Orchestre Symphonique
32 debussy: Preludes
DG 435 773-2
Zimerman
33 Delius : Orchestral Works
EMI CDS 747509-2
Beecham, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
34 Dvorak: Cello Concerto
DG 447413-2
Rostropovich, Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker
35 Dvorak: Symphony No.8 & 9 "From The New World"
DG 447412-2
Kubelik ,Berliner Philharmoniker
36 Elgar: Cello Concerto / Sea Pictures
EMI CDC 747329-2
Du Pre,Beker,Barbirolli,London Symphony Orchestra
37 Elgar: Violin Concerto
EMI CDC 555221-2
Menuhin,Elgar, London Symphony Orchestra
38 Gershwin: Porgy and Bess
EMI CDS 749568-2
White, Haymon, Evans, Simon Rattle ,London Symphony Orchestra
39 Grieg:Peer Gynt Op.23, Symphonic Dances Op.64
EMI 5 66966 2
Sir Thomas Beecham, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
40 Grieg: Lyric Pieces
DG 449 721-2
Emil Grigoryevich Gilels
41 Grieg: Songs
DG 437 521-2
Otter , Forsberg
42 Handel & Scarlatti: Keyboard Works
Sony SK62785
Murray Perahia
43 Haydn: Piano Sonatas
Philips 416643-2
Brendel
44 Haydn: The Seasons
HMC 901829.30
Marlis Petersen,Werner Gura,Dietrich Henschel,Rene Jacobs
45 Haydn: The Creation
DG 449 761-2
Fischer-Dieskau, Herbert von Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker
46 Hildegard: A feather on the breath of God
Hyperion CDA66039
Doreen Muskett, Hyperion
47 Honegger: Symphonien No.2 & 3
DG 447 435-2
Karajan,Berliner Philharmoniker
48 Janacek: Intimate Letters, Haas; String Quartet No.2
Supraphon SU3877-2
Colin Currie, Pavel Haas Quartet
49 Janacek: Kata Kabanova
Decca 421852-2
Soderstrom , Dvorsky , Kniplova, Mackerras ,Wiener Philharmoniker
50 Josquin Desprez: Missa Pange Lingua / Missa La sol fa re mi
Gimell CDGIM009
Peter Phillips, The Tallis Scholars
51 Ligeti: Concertos for Cello, Violin & Piano
DG 439 808-2
Queyras, Pierre Boulez, Ensemble InterContemporain
52 Liszt: The Two Piano Concertos
Philips 446200-2
Richter,Kondrashin,London Symphony Orchestra
53 Mahler: Symphony No.5
EMI CDM 764749-2
Barbirolli,New Philharmonia Orchestra
54 Mahler: Symphony No.6, Rückertlider, Kindertotenlieder
DG 457 716-2
Karajan,Berliner Philharmoniker
55 Mahler: Symphony No.9
DG 410726-2
Karajan,Berliner Philharmoniker
56 Mozart: Horn Concertos No.1-4
EMI CDC 555087-2
Brain ,Karajan,Philharmonia Orchestra
57 Mozart: The Piano Concertos
Sony S12K46441
Perahia ,English Chamber Orchestra
58 Mozart: The String Quintets
Philips 422544-2
Grumiaux Trio ,Arpad Gerecz,Max Lesueur
59 Mozart: Don Giovanni
EMI CDS 747260-2
Schwarzkopf , Giulini ,Philharmonia Chorus and Orchestra
60 Mozart: Le Nozze di Figaro
Decca 466 369-2
Siepi, Gueden, Della Casa, Erich Kleiber, Wiener Philharmoniker
61 Mozart: Le Nozze Di Figaro
HMC 901818.20
Gens, Ciofi, Kirchschlager, Regazzo, Rene Jacobs, Concerto Koln
62 Mozart: Idomeneo
Archiv 431674-2
Gardiner, English Baroque Soloists
63 Prokofiev: Symphony No.5, Stravinsky; Le Sacre du Printemps
DG 463 613-2
Karajan,Berliner Philharmoniker
64 Puccini: La Boheme
EMI CDS 747235-2
Beecham,R.C.A. Victor Orchestra
65 Puccini: Tosca
EMI CDS 747175-2
Callas, De Sabata,La Scala Theater Orchestra
66 Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No.3
Philips 465 732-2
Argerich, Freire, Chailly, Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestray
67 Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No.4 / Ravel : Piano Concerto
EMI CDC 749326-2
Michelangeli, Gracis,Philharmonia Orchestra
68 Rossini: Heroines
Decca 436 075-2
Cecilia Bartoli, Ion Marin & Orchetra e coro del Teatro la Fenice
69 Schoenberg: Verklarte Nacht, Pelleas et Melisande
DG 457 721-2
Herbert von Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker
70 Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 3, 5 & 6
EMI CDM 749750-2
Beecham ,Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
71 Schubert: Quintet Op.163, Symphony No.5
Sony SMK58992
Pablo Casals, Paul Tortelier, Prades Festival Orchestra
72 Schubert: Wanderer-Fantasie, Schumann;Fantasie Op.17
DG 447 451-2
Maurizio Pollini
73 Schubert: Winterreise
DG 447 421-2
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Jorg Demus
74 Schumann: Fantasie Op.17, Faschingschwank aus Wien Op.26, Papillons Op.2
EMI 5 75233 2
Sviatoslav Richter
75 Schumann: String Quartets 1 & 3
ECM 4721692
Zehetmair Quartet
76 Shostakovich: String Quartets
DG 463 284-2
Emerson String Quartet
77 Sibelius & Nielsen: Violin Concertos
Sony SMK89748
KCho-Liang Lin, Esa-Pekka Salonen
78 Smetana: Ma Vlast
Supraphon SU3826-2
Vaclav Talich, Czech Philharmonic Orchestra
79 R. Strauss: Orchestral Works
EMI CMS 764342-2
Kempe, Staatskapelle Dresden
80 R. Strauss: Also sprach Zarathustra / Ein Heldenleben
RCA 09026 61494
Fritz Reiner , Chicago Symphony Orchestra
81 R.Strauss: Last Four Song
EMI CDH 761001-2
Otto Ackermann ,Philharmonia Orchestra of London
82 R.Strauss: Salome
Decca 414414-2
Solti , Wiener Philharmoniker
83 Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier
EMI CDS 749354-2
Schwarzkopf, Karajan,Philharmonia Orchestra
84 Stravinsky: Stravinsky Edition
Sony SM3K 46 291-302
stravinsky
85 Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5
Chandos 8351
Mariss Jansons, Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra
86 Tchaikovsky: Symphony No.4-6
DG 419745-2
Mravinsky, Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra
87 Tchaikovsky: Symphony 6 "Pathetique", Marche Slave
Virgin 791 487-2
Mikhail Pletnev, Russian National Orchestra
88 Vaughan Williams: A London Symphony
Chandos 9902
Richard Hickox, London Symphony Orchestra
89 Verdi: Aida
EMI CDS 747271-8
Domingo, Montserrat Caballe, Muti, New Philharmonia Orchestra
90 Verdi: Falstaff
RCA 74321 72372-2
Giuseppe Valdengo, Herva Nelli, Auturo Toscanini, NBC Symphony Orchestray
Richard Hickox, London Symphony Orchestra
91 Verdi: La Traviata
EMI 5 66450 2
Callas, Di Stefano, Giulini, Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scale di Milano
92 Wagner: Tristan und Isolde
EMI CDS 747322-2
Furtwangler, Philharmonia Orchestra
93 Wagner: Der Ring Des Nibelungen
Decca 414100-2
Solti, Wiener Philharmoniker
94 Wagner: Die Walkure
Testament SBT4 1391
Joseph Keilberth, Orchester der Bayreuther Festspiele
95 Wagner: Parsifal
DG 413 347-2
Hofmann, Vejzovic, Herbert von Karajan, Berliner Philharmoniker
96 Walton: Collected Works
RCA 74321925752
Charles Munch, Andre Previn, Vernon Handley
97 Webern: Complete Works
Sony SM3K45845
Pierre Boulez / Juilliard Quartet / London Symphony Orchestra
98 Debut Recital / Chopin, Brahms, Prokofiev, Ravel, Liszt
DG 447 430-2
Argerich
99 Stravinsky: Petrouchka, Prokofiev: Piano Sonata No.7, Weben: Variation op.27, Boulez: Sonate No.2
DG 447431-2
Pollini
100 Various Composers: The Art of the Prima Donna
Decca 467 115-2
Joan Sutherland
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